Corrigendum to "Comprehensive Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Diverse Chinese Population".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.34133/2022/9873831.].

Comprehensive Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Diverse Chinese Population.

The SARS-CoV-2 variants have been emerging and have made great challenges to current vaccine and pandemic control strategies. It is urgent to understand the current immune status of various Chinese populations given that the preexisting immunity has been established by national vaccination or exposure to past variants. Using sera from 85 individuals (including 21 convalescents of natural infection, 15 cases which suffered a breakthrough infection after being fully vaccinated, and 49 healthy vaccinees), we showed significantly enhanced neutralizing activities against SRAS-CoV-2 variants in convalescent sera, especially those who had been fully vaccinated. The neutralizing antibodies against Omicron were detectable in 75% of convalescents and 44.9% of healthy vaccinees (p = 0.006), with a GMT of 289.5, 180.9-463.3, and 42.6, 31.3-59, respectively. However, the neutralizing activities were weaker in young convalescents (aged < 18 y), with a detectable rate of 50% and a GMT of 46.4 against Omicron. We also examined and found no pan-sarbecovirus neutralizing activities in vaccinated SARS-CoV-1 survivors. A booster dose could further increase the breadth and magnitude of neutralization against WT and variants of concern (VOCs) to different degrees. In addition, we showed that COVID-19-inactivated vaccines can elicit Omicron-specific T-cell responses. The positive rates of ELISpot reactions were 26.7% (4/15) and 43.8% (7/16) in the full vaccination group and the booster vaccination group, respectively, although without statistically significant difference. The neutralizing antibody titers declined while T-cell responses remain consistent over 6 months. These findings will inform the optimization of public health vaccination and intervention strategies to protect diverse populations against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Advances. Breakthrough infection significantly boosted neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 variants as compared to booster immunization with inactivated vaccine. Vaccine-induced virus-specific T-cell immunity, on the other hand, may compensate for the shortfall. Furthermore, the public health system should target the most vulnerable group due to a poorer protective serological response in both infected and vaccinated adolescents.

Hydro electroactive Cu/Zn coated cotton fiber nonwovens for antibacterial and antiviral applications.

In this study, Cu/Zn galvanic electrodes were sputtered on the two surfaces of hydrophilic cotton fiber nonwovens (Cotton) to prepare hydro electroactive Cu/Cotton/Zn composites. When the Cu/Cotton/Zn was used as a functional layer in the face mask, the Cu/Zn galvanic electrodes can be spontaneously activated by water vapor molecules exhaled by the human body and generate galvanic current. Based on this, the hydro electroactive Cu/Cotton/Zn demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and could deactivate Enterovirus 71 (EV71) virions transmitted through the respiratory tract by 97.72% after 15 min of contact. Moreover, the Cu/Cotton/Zn did not affect the particle filtration efficiency and breathability of the face mask's polypropylene (PP) melt-blown layer. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity assessment of Cu/Cotton/Zn showed no cytotoxicity, indicating good biological security. Overall, the Cu/Cotton/Zn may provide a new approach to increase the antibacterial and antiviral performance of current personnel protective equipment on the market.

Tailoring moisture electroactive Ag/Zn@cotton coupled with electrospun PVDF/PS nanofibers for antimicrobial face masks.

Face mask has become an essential and effective apparatus to protect human beings from air pollution, especially the air-borne pathogens. However, most commercial face masks can hardly achieve good particulate matters (PMs) and high bactericidal efficacy concurrently. Herein, a bilayer structured composite filter medium with built-in antimicrobial activities was constructed by combining cotton woven modified by magnetron sputtered Ag/Zn coatings and electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polystyrene (PVDF/PS) nanofibers. With the benefit of external moisture, an electrical stimulation was generated inside the composite fabric and thus endowed the fabric antimicrobial function. The resultant composite fabric presented conspicuous performance for integrated air pollution control, high filtration performance towards PM0.3 (99.1%, 79.2 Pa) and exceptional interception ratio against Escherichia coli (99.64%) and Staphylococcus aureus (98.75%) within 20 min contact. The high efficiency contact sterilization function of the bilayer fabric could further potentially promote disinfection and reuse of the filter media. This work may provide a new perspective on designing high-performance face mask media for public health protection.

Follow-Ups on Persistent Symptoms and Pulmonary Function Among Post-Acute COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: As the number of recovering COVID-19 patients increases worldwide, the persistence of symptoms and signs through the post-acute phase indicates an urgent need for prolonged follow-up care. To explore existing data about post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, this meta-analysis assesses the prevalence of persistent manifestations in multiple systems and abnormalities in lung function, as well as their related risks in patients with various severities. Methods: Articles about discharged COVID-19 patients (published from January 1, 2020 to February 23, 2021) were obtained by searching four databases. Cohort studies with follow-up periods >1 month post-discharge or >2 months post-admission were included. Results: A total of 4,478 COVID-19 patients from 16 cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis. Fatigue or weakness (47%) were the most prevalent physical effects of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, while psychosocial (28%) symptoms were the most common manifestations among several systems. Abnormalities in lung function of recovering patients, i.e., DLCO <80% (47%, 95% CI: 32-61%) persisted for long periods. Severe patients were more likely to present joint pain (OR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.11-3.04) and decreased lung functions compared with non-severe patients, with pooled ORs for abnormal TLC, FEV1, FVC, and DLCO of 3.05 (95% CI: 1.88-4.96), 2.72 (95% CI: 1.31-5.63), 2.52 (95% CI: 1.28-4.98), and 1.82 (95% CI: 1.32-2.50), respectively. Conclusions: Our research indicates that patients recovering from COVID-19 manifest long-term, multi-system symptoms, and the adverse effects on psychosocial health and lung functions were the most extensive and persistent. These findings together may facilitate much needed in-depth study of clinical treatments for long-term, post-acute phase symptoms that affect a great number of recovering COVID-19 patients.